对特产我国的珍稀保护竹种筇竹笋的笋体特征、营养成分及其变化进行了研究,结果表明:筇竹鲜笋平均笋壳占45. 48% ,笋肉占54. 52% ,笋肉含水率为90. 80% ,笋肉干物质分别占笋肉鲜质量和总鲜质量的9. 20%、4. 99%;干样平均含蛋白质348. 3 mg·g-1 ,氨基酸总量349. 93 mg·g-1 ,粗脂肪115 mg·g-1 ,可溶性总糖29. 8 mg·g-1 , P68. 2mg·g-1 , Fe 0. 07 mg·g-1 , Ca 0. 54 mg·g-1 ,Mg 1. 63 mg·g-1 , Zn 134. 80 mg·kg-1 , Se 0. 50 mg·kg-1。不同种源的筇竹笋蛋白质含量和氨基酸组成不同,并随着海拔高度上升、发笋时期推迟呈下降趋势,在笋体内表现为自上而下含量降低;水煮后筇竹笋蛋白质含量相对提高,但约75%的氨基酸流失;施肥后筇竹林分竹笋的氨基酸和蛋白质含量高于天然林。根据研究结果提出了筇竹种源选择、施肥措施及生产经营等方面的建议,以提升筇竹林分经济效益、保护筇竹资源并实现可持续经营利用。

Burning behav iour o fP hyllostachys pubescens aged 6 years w ith d ifferent heated surface w ere tested bycone ca lorim eterw ith the heat irradiance 50 kW ? m-2. The results show ed that the ign it ion time o f bamboo w oodw as in order of outer cu lm > inner culm> m idd le culm w hen the tangen tial section was used as a heated surface.M eanwh ile, w ith the rad ia l section o r cross section w as used as a heated surface, the ignition tim e of bamboo w oodw as in order o f outer culm> m idd le culm > inner culm. When the tangential section, the radia l section and cross sect ion o fm idd le culm w ere used as heated surface, the longest ignit ion tim ew as produced by the cross sect ion. The total heat re lease o f 600 s of bamboow ood w as in order o f ou ter cu lm> inner cu lm> m iddle cu lm. The pkHRR o f outer culm and inner culm w as at first peak, the t ime of the 2nd pkHRR of bamboo wood w as delayed from inner culmto outer culm. W hen the cross section used as the heat surface, thew idth of the 2nd pkHRR increased. The carbon ization time became shorter. There w ere tw o stronger process of smoke, onew as before the ign iting and ano therw asafter the charring finished. The w eakest smoke appears in the charr ing and flameless combustion stage. The massloss and the heat re lease ind icated the same chang ing curves.

竹子遗传育种研究因为受到其生物学特性的限制,一直进展缓慢。近年来,国内外对竹子遗传育种的研究投 入加大,竹子的组织培养技术以及转基因育种发展迅速并获得了较大的进展。本文从遗传基础、常规育种和分子育 种3个方面对国内外的竹子遗传育种的研究状况进行了系统的研究概述,并提出加强竹子种质资源保护,重视种质 资源保存新技术的研究,加强竹子开花机理和开花人工诱导的研究,把现代生物技术与传统育种相结合,建立稳定 的技术平台,以推动竹子遗传育种的新发展。

利用8个全长mRNA基因序列比较了竹类植物和水稻等禾本科作物的系统进化和序列组成等。结果表明,在与水稻、玉米和麦类作物的比较中,竹类植物与水稻有着最近的亲缘关系和更相似的基因序列特征(GC含量分布和密码子使用频率),它们甚至比水稻与玉米或水稻与麦类之间的亲缘关系更近。这一结果提示,水稻作为禾本科植物的模式物种,应与竹类植物存在良好的基因组共线性关系,水稻基因组序列信息对竹类植物基因组研究与分析具有重要参考价值。